Extended wavenumber-domain synthetic aperture radar focusing with integrated motion compensation

Modern synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are continually developing in the direction of higher spatial resolution. This requires the usage of high range bandwidths combined with long azimuth integration intervals. High-quality SAR processing methods, which are able to deal with such sensor parameters, are necessary for focusing the raw data of such sensors. Wavenumber-domain (v–k) processing is commonly accepted as the ideal solution to the SAR focusing problem. However, it is only applicable to spaceborne SAR data where a straight sensor trajectory is given. In the case of airborne data, wavenumber-domain processing is limited because of its inability to perform high-precision motion compensation. Here, the extended chirp scaling (ECS) algorithm has proven to be very powerful, although it has certain limitations concerning long aperture syntheses and highly squinted geometries. In the paper, a new stripmap SAR data-processing algorithm, called extended v–k (EOK), is analytically derived. The EOK algorithm aims to combine the high focusing accuracy of the wavenumber-domain algorithm with the high-precision motion compensation of the ECS algorithm. The new EOK algorithm integrates a three-step motion compensation correction in the general formulation of the wavenumber-domain algorithm, leading to a new airborne SAR processing scheme, which is also very robust in the cases of long synthetic apertures and high squint angles. As demonstrated, it offers the possibility of processing wide-band, low-frequency airborne SAR data up to nearwavelength resolution. The performance and accuracy of the new EOK SAR data-processing algorithm are demonstrated using simulated data in different data collection scenarios and geometries as well as using interferometric data acquired by the airborne experimental SAR system of DLR at L-band (Horn, 1996; Scheiber, 1999).